READ: Important Vocabulary Terms
READ: Important Vocabulary Terms
These are the most important vocabulary terms to learn this week. Please make sure you understand these terms. A tissue is a group of connected cells that have a similar function. There are four types of tissues. Connective tissue is made up of cells that form the body’s structure. Examples include bone and cartilage. Epithelial tissue is made up of cells that line inner and outer body surfaces, such as the skin and the lining of the digestive tract. Epithelial tissue protects the body and its internal organs, secretes substances such as hormones, and absorbs substances such as nutrients. Muscle tissue is made up of cells that have the unique ability to contract, or become shorter. Muscles attached to bones enable the body to move. Nervous tissue is made up of neurons, or nerve cells, that carry electrical messages. Nervous tissue makes up the brain and the nerves that connect the brain to all parts of the body. An organ is a structure made of two or more tissues that work together. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to carry out a complex overall function. Each organ of the system does part of the larger job. Circulatory System: Transports oxygen, hormones , and nutrients to the body cells. Moves wastes and carbon dioxide away from cells. Heart; blood vessels ; blood Excretory System: Removes extra water , salts, and waste products from blood and body; controls pH; controls water and salt balance. Kidneys; urinary bladder Digestive System: Digests foods and absorbs nutrients, minerals , vitamins, and water. Esophagus; stomach; small intestine ; large intestine Respiratory System: Brings air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the blood and cells (around body) or blood and air (lungs). Trachea, larynx, pharynx, lungs Muscular System: Involved in movement and heat production. Cardiac (heart) muscle; skeletal muscle; smooth muscle; tendons Skeletal System: Supports and protects soft tissues of body; produces blood cells; stores minerals. Bones, cartilage; ligaments Nervous System: Collects, transfers, and processes information. Brain, spinal cord; nerves Reproductive System: Produces gametes (sex cells) and sex hormones. Female: uterus; vagina; fallopian tubes; ovaries Male: penis; testes; seminal vesicles